Knowledge is the cornerstone of development, but unfortunately, native knowledge connoted "reaction" and "static" until recent times. This was due to renovation and technology transference attitudes and procedures which were in the minds of farmers of the developing countries. But with the emergence of economic, social, and environmental problems originating from unmeasured employment of technologies and western culture in developing countries, the post- modernism paradigm and inborn attitude came to light.Under the impact of these developments, ethnic cultures and native capacities, know ledges and skills of the indigenous people in the participation ground of their own developmental planning was emphacized and Focussed as scientific complementary knowledge by especialists.of coure, it is necessary that the indigenous knowledge be legalized like the international are, namely, it should become documentary, evaluable, classified and scientific. In this article, while the definition of indigenous knowledge is given, its difference from official knowledge or the scientific knowledge and expamsion of indigenous networks of knowledge and its role in stable rural development have been elaborated, and procedures are presented to make it scientific.

Introduction: In the present age, which is characterized by the characteristics of uncertainty, innovation and complexity of issues, the traditional planning system faces various challenges. One of the weaknesses of the common regional planning system is the lack of identification, analysis and application of key factors in regional development. The current problems have arisen from the lack of knowledge of the future, which is now called “ the present” . Man has always been fascinated by discovering the future and deciphering it based on inner tension. The questions are, "How is the future predictable? " And "Will the future be a continuation of the present and the past" has been a major intellectual challenge for planners and managers so far. . The future will be achieved, but now this issue is not easily possible (Sanai et al., 2016: 36). During this period, planners in accordance with the temporal and spatial conditions, have used different approaches to deal with future issues, which are mainly based on the analysis of past trends and the continuation of the current situation. The topic of the future and its long-term knowledge is of great importance in urban and regional planning. Lack of future intelligent knowledge of planning tools and how to use them in the planning process is affected The main purpose of this study is strategic analysis of regional development capacities of Mazandaran province based on the theoretical framework of regional development in economic, social, infrastructure and managerial dimensions, natural, settlement structure and links. Methodology: In this regard, first by measuring the internal and external environment, a list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in these six areas for the development of the province, then by surveying experts and specialists in Mazandaran province, weigh each It became one of them. Finally, by calculating and analyzing them, the priorities were determined. Results and discussion: A total of 240 strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were identified in the province, and finally 40 points were selected as the main factors of development in Mazandaran province. In the field of economics, activities with competitive advantage and high potential of handicraft sales and the existence of neighborhood opportunities and trade exchanges to create employment are the most important points of the province's development opportunity and intermediary institutions depend on imports from other regions and the province is bordered by the sea border They are considered as a threat to the province. In the social field, the desire for progress and educated manpower and the appropriate population composition are the most important strengths of the province's development and migration and low indicators of human development and evacuation of villages are the most important weaknesses of development. The existence of a spirit of solidarity and planning of development needs are the most important points of development opportunity of the province and the lack of expansion of social services and reduction of social interactions are the most important points of threat in the province. In the field of housing, according to experts, the reduction of the first urban phenomenon is the most important strength of the province and the unsuitable structure of villages and the lack of central location of many cities are the most important weaknesses of residential development and the possibility of forming separate functional areas in the province. Uninhabited villages are the most important threat to the development of the province. In the field of infrastructure and management, improving the quality of the province's roads in the east and west and equipping the network of roads within the region and local to achieve some economic and social goals, the most important strengths of the province and the weakness of telecommunications infrastructure and services and weakness of transmission and distribution networks Electricity and lack of commercial and customs facilities and services are the most important weaknesses of the province's development. Also, the existence of port cities as the hubs of trade, transportation and maritime transit is the most important point of development opportunity of the province and lack of proper infrastructure is the most important threat point of the province. The strength of the province's development and the occurrence of floods are the most important points of the province's development weakness and the review of surface water resources management is the most important point of opportunity and increase the consequences of natural disasters. Conclusion: The objectives of this study are to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the province to determine strategies for development. The main issue of this research is that the contemporary world is an arena of dramatic changes and accelerating dynamics. The changes are so sudden and electrifying that the slightest negligence can come at the cost of a strategic surprise in all areas of politics, economics, society, and even culture. In this environment full of change and instability and full of uncertainties, the only approach and weakness that is likely to be more successful is to strive for the architecture of the future. Although this effort has always been fraught with risk, accepting this risk is far wiser than watching future developments. Hence, planners seek to identify development strategies and create the future with the aim of planning for it by basing the intellectual foundations of planning on the future research paradigm. Based on the obtained results, based on the importance of a set of effective internal and external factors, the first priority is with aggressive strategies, which indicates the existence of strengths, opportunities and development capabilities in this province.

Because an index cannot be purchased directly, it has to be rebuilt by a portfolio which is an approximation of Index. This is called index tracking. In this research, first we discuss the vital role of Tracking Quality measurments for developing tracking portfolio via optimization based on sampling. Then we introduce a new measurement, Realized Tracking Quality (RTQ) and compare it with traditional measurements. Comparison of Realized Tracking Quality (RTQ) and three traditional measurements of producing tracking portfolios (Tracking Error Variance (TEV), Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)) shows that there are significant differences in their anticipated values. In other words, we make a comparison of the approaches to index tracking and highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Unlike other researches on rebuilding of tracking portfolio, this framework specifically addresses issues of stability of the tracking quality measurements, whether they produce tracking portfolios with the same tracking quality in the estimation period and the investment period or not. In fact, we were not looking for a method that would create the best tracking portfolio with the highest tracking quality; instead, this study attempted to compare the results of the estimation period with the investment period and determine which one would be more stable. The results indicate that Producing tracking portfolio will be optimized by improving stability measurements. For our analysis, we use Tehran Stock Exchange Index having all listed companies. The time period includes 5 years, between September 2012 and September 2017.

Introduction: Higher education represents a significant type of investment in human resources that help sustainable development by providing and promoting the required knowledge, skill and insights of learners. Higher education promote the knowledge and scientific and research progress gives rise to the new knowledge. New knowledge owes human’s creative thinking. Therefore, creativity is among the most important and universal functions of human being. Creativity is the ability of individual to generate a new idea, theory and insight or reconstructing the sciences and the other fields. As a cultural symbol in a society, higher education plays a major role in creativity dynamic of learners. The aim of this study was to introduce the creativity in higher education and to examine its role in sustainable development.Conclusion: It is possible to take a step towards realizing and expansion of the sustainable development by evolving extensive changes in supreme educational system and training creative and innovative students. As a principal basis of educational system teachers play a major role in nurturing the creativity. Therefore, the key to cultural education and preparation, which is itself the key to sustainable development and society progress, should be found in the hands of innovative and new-seeker teachers with a high loyalty to the various creative teaching patterns.

The EOs formulated into nanoemulsion using the spontaneous emulsification approach, separately. Comprehensive stability tests were performed to select the optimum nanoemulsions of each EO. Anticancer effect of the most stable nanoemulsion of Zataria multiflora with a particle size of 43 ± 4 nm (PDI 0.4 ± 0.2 and SPAN 0.6 ± 0.1) was significantly better non-formulated form against four human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7, MDA-MB-175, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. Interestingly, the anticancer effect of Artemisia dracunculus nanoemulsion (16 ± 4 nm, 0.2 ± 0.1, and 0.4 ± 0.1) was also significantly improved in compassion to the essential oil. Considering the results, prepared nanoemulsions could be used as supplementary drugs or food additives...

Purpose: The purpose of this applied research is to study the effectiveness of gamification on corporate training.  Methodology: A gamified course was designed and implemented to train the location of Fire Hosing Cabinet for 24 employees of a firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research plan (post-test only control group design) the participants of the study were randomly assigned to treatment (12) and control (12) groups and trained for a week.  Conclusion: The descriptive and interpretive result of the posttest analyses indicated the effectiveness of gamification of the training performed for the employees of the firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Moreover, the descriptive result of Gamification Acceptance Questionnaire answered by the members of the experimental group after gamified training indicated that all the participants in the experimental group were satisfied with the gamified training course.

The tourism industry has been developed in recent years, especially after the Second World War, so increasingly that has taken the name of tourism revolution. Tourism today has become one of the major economic stimulants in an international level, and specialists of economic issues assume that along by insurance and banking as a major dynamic industry in the current century. Rural tourism is one of the major components of tourism industry and is the main power of improving economic growth in rural areas. It has also made a strategic chance and led to the diversity of local economy.Stable rural tourism revives the local and traditional rural culture, encourages collective activities by rural people, increases the income of rural people, establishes new economic sources for rural people, conserves the natural, cultural and social environment, sustains the population, and prevents the migration and evacuation of rural areas. The development and expansion of rural tourism will be the best strategy for rural areas.

The stable development theory appeared In the last decade of 20th century. The cause of this theory was the failure of the modernism and post - modernism regard to the establishment of the good life and destruction of the 10c.11, regional, national and world environment. Undoubtedly, to arrive to the basic principal of this theory the role of government strategy is necessary in the land use policy and planning. The Urban planning of 20th century not only has been positive, out also create the ugliness in the urban envirnment planning. This planning has created the social and biological structure, with technological culture, having imbalance and imsustainability in the natural, socialogical, economical and physical structure. This paper attempts to offer the stable development framework and request in the renewal of the theoritical framework in the 21st century and will propose the kind of compact city and urban